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Sains Malaysiana 53(10)(2024): 3289-3299
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5310-05
Kelakuan Postur dan Lokomotor Ungka
Tangan Putih (Hylobates lar) di Pusat Menyelamat Hidupan Liar Kebangsaan
(Postural Behaviour and Locomotion of
White-handed Gibbon (Hylobates lar) at National Wildlife Rescue Centre)
NUR NASYUHAA AZWA ZAKARIYA &
BADRUL MUNIR MD-ZAIN*
Jabatan Sains
Biologi dan Bioteknologi, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Received:
29 April 2024/Accepted: 30 July 2024
Abstrak
Ungka Tangan Putih (Hylobates lar)
merupakan primat Hylobatidae yang sedang diancam kepupusan. Ungka ini mendapat kurang perhatian
daripada segi penyelidikan disebabkan faktor kepayahan menjejakinya di
lapangan. Oleh itu adalah menarik untuk mengkaji aspek kelakuan Ungka Tangan
Putih dalam persekitaran kurungan. Kajian penggunaan ruang, kelakuan postur dan
lokomotor Ungka Tangan Putih di pusat pemuliharaan ex-situ belum pernah
dikaji. Kefahaman tentang kelakuan yang berkait dengan habitat yang khusus akan
meluaskan lagi pemahaman mengenai cara primat bertindak balas terhadap keadaan
persekitaran yang berbeza. Objektif utama penyelidikan ini ialah mengkaji
penggunaan ruang dalam kurungan dan kanopi serta kelakuan postur dan lokomotor
Ungka Tangan Putih di Pusat Menyelamat Hidupan Liar Kebangsaan (NWRC), Sungkai,
Perak. Penyelidikan telah dijalankan dengan melakukan pemerhatian fokus ke atas
tujuh subjek dari Disember 2021 hingga Mac 2022. Penggunaan ruang kurungan dan
kanopi oleh ungka paling tertumpu di bahagian aras tengah (42.37%) berbanding
aras atas (24.24%) dan bawah (33.03%). Terdapat 13 jenis kelakuan postur yang
ditunjukkan oleh Ungka Tangan Putih iaitu duduk, cangkung, sandar, berpaut,
baring, forelimb-suspend, sit/forelimb-suspend, flexed
stand/forelimb-suspend, unimanual forelimb suspend, typical
forelimb-suspend, forelimb-hindlimb-suspend, hanging upside down dan rocking. Tujuh jenis kelakuan lokomotor yang telah dicerap adalah bipedal, bipedal with hands, quadrupedal walk, brachiate, lompat,
bermain dan extended-elbow vertical climb. Postur duduk (18.37%) dan brachiate (50.40%) merupakan kelakuan postur dan lokomotor yang paling kerap
diperhatikan. Hasil kajian ini dapat
digunakan untuk menambah baik keadaan persekitaran dalaman kurungan Ungka
Tangan Putih dalam meningkatkan pengurusan kebajikan ungka dalam kurungan di
NWRC.
Kata kunci: ex-situ;
Hylobatidae; kurungan; primat terancam; mawas; mawas kecil
Abstract
The White-handed
Gibbon (Hylobates lar) is a Hylobatidae primate that is under threat
of extinction. Gibbons received less attention in terms of research due to the
difficulty of tracking them in the field. Therefore, it is interesting to study
the behavioral aspects of the White-handed Gibbon in captive environment.
Studies of space use, postural behavior and locomotors of White-handed Gibbon
at the ex-situ conservation centre have never been studied. An
understanding of specific habitat-related behaviours will broaden the
understanding of how primates respond to different environmental conditions.
The main objective of this study was to examine the space used in captivity and
canopies as well as the postural and locomotor behaviors of the White-handed Gibbon
at the National Wildlife Rescue Centre (NWRC), Sungkai, Perak. The study was
conducted by focal observations on seven gibbon subjects from December 2021 to
March 2022. The use of enclosure and canopy space by gibbons was most
concentrated in the middle level (42.37%) compared to the upper (24.24%) and
lower (33.03%) levels. There were 13 types of posture behaviors exhibited by
the White-handed Gibbon which are sitting, squat, leaning, clinging, lying
down, forelimb-suspend, sit/forelimb-suspend, flexed stand/forelimb-suspend,
unimanual forelimb suspend, typical forelimb-suspend,
forelimb-hindlimb-suspend, hanging upside down and rocking. The seven types of
locomotor behaviors that have been observed are bipedal, bipedal with hands,
quadrupedal walk, brachiate, jump, play and extended-elbow vertical climb.
Sitting postures (18.37%) and brachiate (50.40%) were the most commonly
observed postural and locomotor behaviors. The results of this study can be used to improve the environmental
conditions of the White-handed Gibbon in improving the management of gibbon
welfare in captivity in the NWRC.
Keywords: Ape; captive; endangered
primate; ex-situ; Hylobatidae; small ape
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*Corresponding author; email:
abgbadd@ukm.edu.my
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